Protein Synthesis and Transcription - 657 Words

Beadle and Tatum’s experiment and their â€Å"one gene one enzyme† hypothesis showed that the production of one protein is dependent on one gene. Francis Crick originated the idea of the central dogma. It states that biological information can only flow in one direction: from DNA to RNA to a protein. The three key types of RNA that are involved in protein synthesis are mRNA (messenger RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA). The way I learned to remember the functions of these three is the same way it’s shown on the estrellamountain website. mRNA is like the blueprint of a construction site with its copy of the genetic information of DNA, rRNA is like the construction site where the protein is made, and tRNA is like the delivery truck that brings amino acids to where they need to be at the right time. Transcription is when RNA is formed by using an enzyme called RNA polymerase to copy a strand of DNA. Before it can begin, a protein called a transcription factor has to bind to the promoter (a region in the DNA that identifies where a gene starts, where it’s supposed to be copied, and in what direction). Then, the polymerase binds to these two things (promoter transcription factor) before it unwinds the template strand of DNA between the promoter and the t erminator. The RNA polymerase copies the template strand of DNA by matching the original nucleotides with their complementary base pairs - the only difference is that instead of adenine being matched with thymine,Show MoreRelatedProtein Synthesis : Transcription And Translation1773 Words   |  8 PagesProtein synthesis is defined as â€Å"The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes.† The synthesis of proteins takes two steps: transcription and translation. Transcription takes the information that is coded in DNA and codes it into mRNA, which heads out of the cell’s nucleus and into the cytoplasm. During translation, the mRNA works with a ribosome and tRNA to synthesize proteins. When trying to understand the process of protein synthesis, basic terms are necessary. DNARead More Protein Synthesis Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesProtein Synthesis Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes. To start off, a protein is made in a ribosome. There are many cellular mechanisms involved with protein synthesis. Before the process of protein synthesis can be described, a person must know what proteins are made out of. There are four basic levels of protein organization. The first is primary structure, followed by secondary structure, then tertiary structure, and the last level is quaternary structureRead MoreEssay about protien synthesis1605 Words   |  7 Pages Protein Synthesis The Expression of a Gene nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The process of Protein Synthesis involves many parts of the cell. Unlike other similar productions, this process is very complex and precise and therefore must be done in proper sequence to work effectively. The slightest error during this process could cause the action to experience difficulty or even fail. For example, in the production of starch, glucose molecules are combined to be stored and eventually utilized as usableRead MoreDna Is The Amazing Structure Known As A Double Helix910 Words   |  4 Pagesbut also protein synthesis. Protein synthesis happens in the cytoplasm on the ribosomes. Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA, also the process of transcription), molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesisRead MoreThe Role Of Proteins Of A Cell Range From Structural, Enzymatic And Hormonal Functions1345 Words   |  6 PagesThe genes goes through a transcription process. Transcription is where the language of the body s building blocks is transcribed from DNA to RNA and the body will recognize it so it can carry out the next process. Translation of the information collected from RNA is the next step. The information collected is transported to the protein. Certain proteins play specific roles so the body synthesizes the right protein for the specific job at certain time. Production of proteins is one of the most significantRead MoreGene expression is the process of protein formation. Proteins are the molecules that are900 Words   |  4 PagesGene expression is the process of protein formation. Proteins are the molecules that are responsible for enabling us to live. They carry out majority of the processes that are important for life, as they include enzymes, transcription factors and the various cell machinery. Indeed, without proteins, life may not be a possibility. Gene expression cannot be carried out without a nucleic acid sequence, also known as DNA in humans. DNA is a double stranded molecule comprising of a sugar-phosphate backboneRead More Protein Synthesis Essay679 Words   |  3 Pages Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis is the process whereby DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) codes for the production of essential proteins, such as enzymes and hormones. Proteins are long chains of molecules called amino acids. Different proteins are made by using different sequences and varying numbers of amino acids. The smallest protein consists of fifty amino acids and the largest is about three thousand amino acids long. Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes in theRead MoreDNA Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagescentury that chromosomes, the genetic material of cells, contained DNA. In 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty concluded that DNA was the basic genetic component of chromosomes. Later, RNA would be proven to regulate protein synthesis. (Miller, 139) DNA is the genetic material found in most viruses and in all cellular organisms. Some viruses do not have DNA, but contain RNA instead. Depending on the organism, most DNA is found within a single chromosome like bacteria, orRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Of Dna And Rna1157 Words   |  5 Pagesnucleus towards to the cytoplasm Like tRNA, rRNA is located in the cytoplasm of a cell. Involved in protein synthesis – by making polypeptides Transports genetic info from the nucleus to the cytoplasm Translation of mRNA is turned into proteins by the rRNA One part has a sequence of 3 bases which make up anti-codon. Formed in the nucleus by copying the gene from DNA in the process of transcription Part of the ribosome’s structure Properties of the Genetic Code of DNA (M1) In whole, DNA is made up